习近平总书记强调，强教必先强师，要把加强教师队伍建设作为建设教育强国最重要的基础工作来抓。相关部门深入贯彻落实习近平总书记的重要指示精神，大力推进高素质“双师型”职业教育教师队伍建设，职业教育教师工作取得了历史性成就，职业教育教师队伍整体面貌发生了格局性变化。
A policy support system has been basically established
Remarkable progress has been made in the construction of teachers' ethics and ethics
In 2018, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and The State Council issued the Opinions on Comprehensively Deepening the Reform of the Construction of Teachers in the New Era, making a top-level design for the construction of teachers in the new era。2018年，The Ministry of Education and other five departments issued the Action Plan for Revitalizing Teacher Education (2018-2022)，2019年，The State Council issued the Implementation Plan for National Vocational Education Reform，The Ministry of Education and other four departments issued the Implementation Plan for Deepening the Reform of the Construction of "Double Qualified" teachers in Vocational Education in the New Era，2022年，General Offices of the CPC Central Committee and The State Council Issue Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Modern Vocational Education System Construction，The work of vocational education teachers has been fully deployed，The direction is pointed out, the path is clear, and the method is provided。In 2022, the newly revised Vocational Education Law of the People's Republic of China was officially implemented, consolidating the legal foundation for building a team of high-quality vocational education teachers。The various systems for the construction of vocational education teachers have been gradually improved, and the policy support system has been basically established。
He who teaches first learns。In order to cultivate faith and feelings, at the institutional level, in 2014, the Ministry of Education issued the Opinions on Establishing and Improving the Long-term Mechanism for the Construction of Teachers' Ethics in Colleges and Universities, establishing and improving the institutional system for the construction of teachers' ethics in colleges and universities。In 2018, the Ministry of Education issued the Ten Guidelines for Professional Behavior of College Teachers in the New Era, clarifying the standards for advocating professional behavior of teachers and the bottom line for banning them。In 2023, the Ministry of Education issued the Notice on pushing forward the Access inquiry Work of Teaching staff, strictly restricting the entry of teachers, and establishing and improving the access inquiry system of teaching staff。At the operational level，We will carry out six major actions in political construction, such as "casting the soul of thought"，In the national smart education public service platform to build and open 96 teacher ethics curriculum resources，Training courses on national conditions for young teachers in colleges and universities will be held，We will implement the national action plan for senior teachers，We will focus on supporting vocational colleges that have major needs from local industries and need to further improve their educational conditions，To organize and carry out nationwide propaganda activities for representatives of outstanding teachers in vocational colleges and universities。At the commendation level，We will increase commendation of vocational education teachers，In the national model teacher, national excellent teacher, national model of teaching and education, the most beautiful teacher, the national teaching achievement Award, the "Ten thousand Plan" teaching teacher, the national university Huang Danian teacher team and other commendation projects，Award for vocational teachers，Enhance teachers' professional identity，Make vocational education teacher posts more attractive。
Team resource allocation is constantly optimized
The professional development of teachers continues to deepen
According to the "Statistical Bulletin on the Development of National Education in 2022" issued by the Ministry of Education in July 2023, 71 full-time teachers are employed in secondary vocational schools nationwide.830,000 people, vocational college full-time teachers 61.950,000 people, full-time teachers in vocational schools at undergraduate level 2.780,000 people, 136 total.560,000 people, providing strong support for the high-quality development of vocational education。From the perspective of age structure, the proportion of full-time teachers under the age of 40 in secondary vocational schools is nearly 50%, the proportion of higher vocational schools is 58%, and the proportion of full-time teachers under the age of 50 in secondary and higher vocational schools is 80%, and young and middle-aged are becoming the backbone of vocational education teachers。From the perspective of the proportion of "double-qualified" teachers in professional teachers, 55% in secondary vocational schools and 58% in higher vocational schools, both exceeding the requirement that "double-qualified" teachers account for half of the proportion of professional teachers in vocational colleges。From the perspective of education structure, the proportion of full-time teachers with bachelor's degree or above in secondary vocational schools has reached 94%, and the proportion of full-time teachers with master's degree or above in vocational schools has reached 54%, and the long-term low education of full-time teachers in vocational schools has been effectively solved。From the perspective of the title structure, the full-time teachers in secondary vocational schools accounted for 25% of the senior titles, and the full-time teachers in vocational schools accounted for 30% of the senior titles, and there is still room for the promotion of the professional titles of the entire team of vocational education teachers。Generally speaking, in recent years, the scale, quality and structure of vocational education teachers have been continuously optimized to meet the needs of vocational education reform and development。
To improve the ideological and political quality and moral quality of teachers in vocational colleges，Improve teachers' teaching ability and professional ability，During the 14th Five-Year Plan Period, the central budget allocated 700 million yuan each year，We supported state-level training for teachers in vocational colleges and universities，We will improve the four-level training system, which includes national demonstration and guidance, provincial-level overall implementation, city-county linkage support, and school-based research and training。In 2022, the Ministry of Education will launch the "National Training of Vocational Education" demonstration project, and in 2023, it will launch the training plan for famous teachers (famous craftsmen) and principals of vocational schools in the new era, to promote the professional development of teachers and comprehensively improve the quality of vocational education and teaching through training and accompanying growth at all levels。
Team building has formed a good situation
The characteristics of teacher type education are prominent
2019年，The Ministry of Education has launched the construction of a national teaching innovation team for vocational education teachers，511 national innovation teams have been announced，It covers 32 provinces and 19 professional categories of vocational education，It involved 369 vocational schools，The first batch of 197 "double high Plan" construction colleges，173 institutions were shortlisted，占比87.8%。Innovation team is the main line of the construction of vocational education teacher team. By exploring the national, provincial and school three levels of innovation team construction mode, gathering advantageous resources, giving play to the role of demonstration and radiation, and vigorously improving the construction level of vocational college teacher team with points and aspects。One is to carry out all staff training, and strengthen the ability and quality of team teachers。For the person in charge of the project construction unit of the innovation team to carry out senior training classes, organized by professional areas of training, special research。We will launch and implement the overseas training program of the national "Craftsmen's teacher" innovation team, learn from the advanced experience of international "dual system" vocational education, and carry out localized transformation。Second, multi-party communication and cooperation, the overall level of team building continues to improve。By a number of innovation team project institutions, innovation team training bases, as well as scientific research institutes, stable cooperative enterprises and industry-education integration training bases jointly set up 53 collaborative communities, collaborative innovation in team building, teacher training, teaching reform and other aspects。The third is to set up special topics, and the team's teaching reform research practice has been prominent。Set up an innovation team to research 420 topics, focusing on vocational education teaching, teaching materials, courses, resources and other aspects of reform and innovation, the research topic as the leading line of collaborative community construction。
In order to improve the practical ability of teachers, the Ministry of Education has issued a series of documents to support, encourage and standardize vocational schools to employ professional and technical personnel with practical experience and highly skilled personnel as part-time teachers。The Regulations on the Practice of Vocational School Teachers in Enterprises were issued, making it clear that teachers of professional courses in vocational schools must accumulate no less than 6 months every 5 years to practice in enterprises or production services。Enterprises shall, according to law, accept vocational school teachers for practice。In 2022, the Ministry of Education and other three departments announced 100 enterprises as the second batch of national vocational education teacher enterprise practice bases。By organizing skill training, providing post practice, and setting up research projects, the base allows participating teachers to have a deep understanding of the basic situation of enterprise production and learn new knowledge, new technology, new technology, new materials, new equipment, and new standards applied in the production of the taught specialty。The standards for the identification of "double-qualified" teachers in vocational education have been issued, and the connotation requirements, identification scope and identification process of "double-qualified" teachers have been clarified and standardized at the national level for the first time。
The construction of vocational education teachers is a systematic project and a long-term plan。We should vigorously train and train a team of high-quality vocational education teachers, continue to deepen the reform of the construction of vocational education teachers in the new era, carry forward the good social trend of respecting teachers and valuing education, and encourage vocational education teachers to become "big teachers" for students to learn, work and be people.。
(Author: Wu Huiming, Deputy Secretary of College of Undergraduate Education, Shenzhen Vocational and Technical University)
(From Modern Higher Vocational and Technical Education Network, information source: China Education Daily, April 2, 2024)
